The Sterilization of Native American Women in the 1970s...

The Scythe and the Scalpel: Dissecting the Sterilizations of Native American Women in the 1970s In the old days, genocide used to be so simple. Such things as biological warfare used to keep Indians warm with small pox infested blankets furnished by the United States government, and the only thing barren and infertile was the land set aside for reservations. In the 1970s, genocide became a little more complex. Biological warfare invaded the reproductive rights of Native American women, making their wombs as barren and infertile as reservation land. The sterilization policies during this time perpetuated the genocidal tendencies that have made the eugenics movement a viable legacy of terror in the biological history of Native†¦show more content†¦4). In fact, the federally funded Indian Health Service, the very agency that was supposed to protect and provide for Indians, was the perpetrator of these sterilizations. The American Indian Policy Review Commissions report on the health of Native Americans said it best when they stated,the federal responsibility to provide health services to Indians has its roots in the unique moral, historical, and treaty obligations of the federal government, no court has ever ruled on the precise nature of that legal basis nor defined the specific legal rights for Indians created by those obligations (DeFine 1997 p.4). Thus, the Indian Health Service has always worked in strange and ambiguous ways. By the time sterilization for both the poor and minorities became an official sanction in 1970, and reservation populations became main targets of this policy, the IHS was ready to initiate its campaign against Indian women. Policy turned into perpetration, and people turned into victims. For example, in 1970 a twenty six year old Native American woman went into the office of a Los Angeles doctor and asked for a womb transplant (Johansen 1998). She was devastated when she was told thatShow MoreRelatedForced Sterilization On Women During The United States1617 Words   |  7 PagesForced sterilization on women â€Å"In the United States, 15 states have laws that fail to protect women with disabilities from involuntary sterilization† (Against her will). Sterilization of disabled women in the United States should not be allowed. It denies disabled women the rights of having children. It is sexist to force women to get sterilized but men do not have to get sterilized. Women should have the right to have children, no matter if they have a disability or if something is wrong with herRead MoreThe Genocide of the Native Culture2226 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Native Culture The thinking of a dominant white society and the savageness of Native culture is the background of the on-going struggle against cultural genocide of First Nations people all across Canada. The first European settlers in Canada viewed the inhabiting First Nations people as uncivilized, and they felt that they needed to be educated in their â€Å"civilized† ways. This thinking started the cultural genocide of the Native culture. This paper will focus on the ways in which Native peopleRead MoreThe Senate Bill 2062428 Words   |  10 PagesIn the summer of 2014, Wisconsin’s court argued on the the Senate Bill 206, a law that would force at least one the Wisconsin’s abortion clinics to close. This closing would create many hardships for low income women. When discussing this bill, Assistant Attorney General Clayton Kawski compared ending a pregnancy to buying a car â€Å"If I decided I’m going to buy an Mercede-Benz but cannot get financing for that and donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t have the funds to buy it, am I prevented from buying a Mercedes-Benz?† (HellersteinRead MoreWhy Abortion Is Immoral And Should Be Illegal1581 Words   |  7 Pagesmiscarrying (Goodman). As I had observed numerous times throughout my childhood, women--my cousins, aunts and relatives alike--chose to wait until after this deadline had passed before sharing the happy news. Even these women who were actively trying to reproduce were afraid of being judged, had their bodies chosen to terminate the pregnancy during its first trimester. However, contrary to the solace and comfort women typically receive after experiencing a miscarriage, society’s take on an electiveRead MorePro Choice Vs. Abortion1298 Words   |  6 Pagesever since the women’s movements started in the early 1970’s, a question sometimes asked is that, if part of the population are so pro-life and worry about protecting a fetus, how come when the child is conceived they suddenly bash at you for having that unwanted child anyways, and that is hypocritical. In this essay, details include would be why people choose to be pro-choice, NARAL Pro-Choice America, the battle for reproductive justice for women and their right to make decisions for their body, advocatesRead MoreWomens Reproductive Rights and Freedoms1983 Words   |  8 Pagesalone, there are also debates that include forced sterilization abuse and population control when looking at the subject of reproductive rights. Throughout history, women have had their right to abortion taken away and have even been sterilized without their permission because they were mentally handicapped or just because they were not the â€Å"dominant† race because eugenicists wanted greater procreation by the middle-class women of European descent. Women have had to endure an abundant amount of abuseRead MoreThe Explicit Oppression, And Societal Disadvantages Experienced1437 Words   |  6 Pageslogic that Smith addresses is genocide. The genocide of the Native American population was a method implemented by whites necessary for the colonization of the land. This process created in order to attempt to eliminate the Native American population is one that is pivotal to the racial beliefs, prejudices, and treatments that are experienced by Native Americans today. In order to make it seem moral to steal land and kill the Native Americans, whites created a reasoning as to why these practices wereRead MoreOppression of First Nation People2209 Words   |  9 PagesHow is it that the indigenous of Canada transpire into the minority and oppressed? Specifically, how are First Nations women vulnerable to multiple prejudices? What are the origins of prejudice amp; oppression experienced by First Nations women in Canada,   how has this prejudice been maintained, what is its impact and how can it best be addressed? Ever since the late 1400’s when the European discovered North America they brought along with them a practice of domination leaving the first nationRead MoreThe Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagesin the 1930’s. It was an experiment on African Americans to study syphilis and how it affected the body and killed its victims done by Tuskegee Institute U.S. Public Health Service researchers. The initial purpose of the Syphilis study â€Å"was to record the natural history of syphilis in Blacks† (Tuskegee University, â€Å"About the USPHS Syphilis Study,† par. 2). The study was necessary because syphilis was a disease that didn’t yet have an official cure (when the study began in the 30’s). There wereRead MoreHistory And Struggles Of Puerto Rican People2821 Words   |  12 Pagesmade today as compared to 40 years ago, and how it has influenced me today as a Puerto Rican women. Puerto Rico is a small island in the Caribbean. It was first settled around 1000 A.D. by the Taino Indians and called Borinquen. In 1493, Christopher Columbus claimed it for Spain but it wasn’t until the arrival of Juan Ponce de Leon in 1508 that Spain began to colonize and rule over the land and its native people. The Taino Indians believed the Spanish colonizers had divine powers and to test their

Macbeth and Pi Essay - 1762 Words

Sheahan Prabhu Ms. Bancheri ENG - 3U1 November 29th, 2010 Macbeth and Pis Gradual loss of Morals Yann Martels novel Life of Pi and Shakespeares tragic play Macbeth reveal certain similarities, when juxtaposed. These two texts display the gradual loss of morals between the characters of Macbeth and Pi. This is conveyed through specific events within the two books, such as Macbeth and Pis lust to kill, their guilt and themselves going crazy, will articulate the loss of their morals. The following analysis will discuss these themes extensively. Macbeth and Pi Patel portray their gradual loss of morals through their lust to kill. Macbeths reason for killing is for power. For instance, Macbeths lust to kill is demonstrated when he†¦show more content†¦Essentially, Macbeth and Pis lust to kill clearly illustrate their gradual loss of morals. Furthermore, to Pis and Macbeths lust to kill, their personal guilt will also express their gradual loss of morals. An illustration of Macbeths guilt is portrayed by him guilty for killing Duncan (Sh akespeare, II.ii.53-55). Macbeth states in these lines that he doesnt want to look back on this incident and he is afraid to think of what he has done. Macbeth is guilty for killing the king, so he is losing his morals because he is doing different things than what he used to do. Before Macbeth used to respect the king, and later he plans to kill the king. Once his deed is done he feels guilty, which indicates his loss of morals. Pis guilt is also apparent when he wants to eat army rations for food . He says, Pity about the fact, but given the circumstances the vegetarian part of me would simply pinch its nose and bear it (Martel, 159). Pi is guilty for breaking his morals by eating army rations because they contain animal fat. It is evident that Pi says, that based on the circumstances he is in; they are too bad for him to stay vegetarian. He feels guilty for this incident because he is eating animal fat, because he has never eaten any meat or fat in his life. Pis gradual loss of m orals is revealed, through his guilt because he has to eat army rations to survive. Pi is originally a vegetarian and by eating the armyShow MoreRelatedSelected Topics24764 Words   |  100 PagesLarraine (1999) and Jackson, Fethi, Yin (2000), we construct a probit model as Griffiths et al. (1999: 740) describe, â€Å"The probit model is a non-linear (in the parameters) statistical model that achieves the objective of relating the choice probability pi to explanatory factors in such a way that the probability remains in the [0,1] interval†. It is consistent when the dependent variable yt, (t=1,2,†¦n) takes the value of 1 or 0. Economic agents are faced with two alternatives when such models arise in

The Balance Between Evolution And Creation - 1075 Words

The Balance Between Evolution and Creation By: Ashton Lyons In America, public schools are allowed to teach any philosophy explaining the existence of all species on Earth. This ranges from christian creationism to scientific evolutionary timelines. Many have disputes about which should be taught in public schools. However, there are many valid reasons why Evolution should not be the only human timeline (Wanjie, 56) taught to children in public schools. Reasons such as natural interpretation, philosophical understanding of existence, and pure human rights; everyone should be free to think. Every time a student walks into my biology class, all they learn about is the evolutionary timeline and the proof that makes it so. Not once in a biology class have they learned about how God â€Å"created Earth in 6 days† (the bible, Genesis 2:2) or how we all got here through a different philosophical standpoint. I argue that there is not enough balance between the two and that evolution is an unnecessarily dominant teaching. It would be most beneficial if we have a school that offers a separate class for the study of religion. There should be a non-bias, all inclusive, and multi- religious study class whose main focus is the understanding of other religions’ origins and how their philosophies relate to the modern world. On the other hand, there should be more work to be done to private schools about the teaching of evolution. There is a major default in private school regulationsShow MoreRelatedCreationism And Evolutionism887 Words   |  4 Pages Creationism Vs Evolutionism The debate between creationism and evolutionism has been a topic of discussion by scientists and religious believers since the 19th century. Since the very first religion such as Hinduism and all that came after, there has been the belief of a higher being, a divine creation more powerful than humans of which has created the world of that we live in. Until 1859, Sir Charles Darwin’s book â€Å"On the Origin of Species† introduced and described a theory based solely onRead MoreCreationism : A Theory Of Primordial History1585 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most discussed and debated phenomena in the history of education is that the hypothetical concept of evolution which can be considered as a theory of primordial history, moreover with the belief of creationism. Both have had an astounded impact in the framework of contemporary education should or should not be taught in the public classroom. Evolutionists and Creationists both have their reasons why their beliefs s hould be taught in the public classroom. The matter of the fact is thatRead MoreThe Louisiana Science Education Act Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, evolution and creationism remain a controversial issue as far as which method should stay in science classes across the globe. How was the earth created? How were humans created? These are questions that arise in most science classes. Many students require an explanation of why people exist. There are those who would oppose evolution, and there are those who oppose creationism. Is there a significant difference between these methods? Several states have passed regulations thatRead MoreEssay about The Origins of Life: Evolution vs Intelligent Design1634 Words   |  7 Pagesdisrupting the balance between church and state. In his innovative film, The Revisionaries, director Scott Thurman exposes how the public education system has become the latest battleground in the face of an old conflict – between religion and science – challenging the ideological edifice on which the nation stands. The contention is shrouded by vehement claims from those who claim Intelligent Design, a refinement of creationism, to be true; and believers of the theory of evolution, who claim scientificRead MoreEvolution Through the Influence of God1605 Words   |  7 Pagesand Biblical moralities, the intelligent design theory was established to accommodate believers in the divine Christ and the theory of evolution. This group believes that evolution is occurring, but that God created the start of all life. There are three main notions of the origin of life, evolution, creationism, and intelligent design. The first theory, evolution, explains how life on Earth formed and how organisms adapted through generations. Scientists have studied the theory for years and haveRead MoreRelationship Between God and Creation720 Words   |  3 PagesKhoa Pham Theology 101 Dr. Nairn Relationship between God and Creation Genesis 1:26, God said â€Å"Let us make humankind in our image, according to our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the bird of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the wild animal of the earth, and over every creeps upon the earth.† I think this is the image of human dignity. We can simplify this by saying that we are smarter than other creatures in this earth. In my opinion fromRead MoreThe Problems of Teaching Creationism in Schools1465 Words   |  6 Pageshighlights what qualifies as a threat to religious liberty and what doesn’t via a series of questions. One of the questions is presented like this (Heath): 10. My religious liberty is at risk because: A) I am not allowed to teach my children the creation stories of our faith at home. B) Public school science classes are teaching science. This sums up the question of whether or not creationism should be taught in schools. Creationism is the belief that a divine entity created everything, all of theRead MoreHow Can A Christian Be A Biologist? Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesspectacular creation. Biologists can see the perfect alignment of the universe in the creation of cells, new life, and systems that are so intricately detailed with checks and balances. For example, this can be seen in cell division or apoptosis. I can answer this question of how a Christian can be a Biologist with a quote from the book Biology Through the Eyes of Faith by Richard T. Wright that says, â€Å"The Scriptures proclaim that creation declares its maker, and that the testimony of the creation is soRead MoreSupporting Evolution through God1621 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout the years amongst Christians and the theory of evolution. I have heard numerous times, â€Å"Believing evolution makes you an unbeliever of God.† The reason fo r such belief is because the Bible states in Genesis that God created the heavens, Earth, and all that resides on Earth within seven days. Our society has whole-heartedly believed in these scriptures for over 2,000 years, so the development of the theory of evolution, which explained creation by gradual changes through natural selection, wasRead MoreA Presentation On Being An Atheist Mccloskey1509 Words   |  7 Pagesheavens and the earth. McCloskey discusses three proofs the cosmological, teleological, and the argument from design he states that people are moved to a belief in God by what they take to be evidence of design and purpose. There are many arguments between atheist and theist on the approach of God’s existence, theist will always refer back to God creating the universe, being and intelligent perfect person. McCloskey in an atheist point of view believes that the world has no reason for believing in

Analysis Of Double Eyes Were Watching God By Zora...

Double Consciousness in a Bildungsroman Self discovery is at the root of many stories. It is easily limited by external and internal factors. Tales about self discovery are often called a bildungsroman. A bildungsroman, essentially, is a coming of age novel. Both Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison are considered a bildungsroman. In the case of those two novels, there is one unique concept that contributes to their examples of self discovery. Double consciousness is that idea. It emphasizes how a person may struggle to adapt to more than one varying identities in order to fill a role within society. Double consciousness is present in both novels through the mindset and actions of characters who try to conform to the gender and racial roles placed upon their lives but find themselves in conflict with their limitations. The difference between Janie’s desire for freedom and her agreement to her transition from marriage to marriage shows a contrast in her attempt to balance multiple identities. The entirety of Their Eyes Were Watching God emphasizes Janie’s struggle to become both a woman and black person in a society that does not allow either to exist at the same time. Janie went through several marriages before she found her ultimate happiness. In her attempt to reject her Nanny’s pairing of herself and Logan Killicks, her Nanny explains that â€Å"de white man is de ruler of everything as fur as Ah been able tuh find out†Show MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed

Cyber Security Free Essays

â€Å"Securing  a  computer  system  has  traditionally  been  a  battle  of  wits:  the  penetrator  tries  to  find the  holes,  and  the  designer  tries  to  close  them. †Ã‚  Ã‚  ~Gosser Warfare  has  always  been  a  game  of  cat  and  mouse. As  technology  increases  war  has  to  adapt with  it. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyber Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wars  have  evolved  from  a  contest  of  strength  to  a  show  of  potential. Previously  wars  were fought  with  large  armies  and  whomever  could  most  effectively  utilize  the  most  troops  with  better training  won;  now  however,  a  single  person  with  a  nuclear  bomb  can  destroy  a  city  within  seconds. In the  1980s,  a  new  technology  appeared:  the  internet. At  first  the  internet  was  just  a  way  for  people  to communicate  by  sending  text  files  to  each  other. Soon  however  the  internet  became  a  public  place  to store  and  access  information. As  more  and  more  personal  and  classified  information  gets  stored,  it  is only  natural  that  people  try  to  find  a  way  to  steal  information  for  their  own  benefits. Cyber  skirmishes are  right  now  being  fought  online  to  get  more  information. Bruce  Berkowitz  said:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The  ability  to collect,  communicate,  process,  and  protect  information  is  the  most  important  factor  defining  military power. †Ã‚  Berkowitz  argues  that  weaponry  and  manpower  that  used  to  be  the  main  determining  factor of  wars  will  lose  out  to  the  amount  of  information  that  a  country  has. Knowing  where  the  enemies have  grouped  their  troops/weapons  will  allow  a  guided  missiles  and  unmanned  drones  to  wreak havoc. Cheap  cyber  weapons  such  as  worms  and  trojans  (viruses)  can  neutralize  conventional 2 eapons  as  missiles  and  nukes1. According  to  the  Department  of  Homeland  Security:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Our  daily  life,  economic  vitality,  and national  security  depend  on  a  stable,  safe,  and  resilie nt  cyberspace. We  rely  on  this  vast  array  of networks  to  communicate  and  travel,  power  our  homes,  run  our  economy,  and  provide  government services. Yet  cyber  intrusions  and  attacks  have  increased  dramatically  over  the  last  decade,  exposing sensitive  personal  and  business  information,  disrupting  critical  operations,  and  imposing  high  costs  on the  economy. 2 Unlike  any  other  technological  advancement,  information  technology  has  changed  how  wars are  fought. Before  information  technology  wars  were  always  about  killing  enemy  combatants,  now skirmishes  are  about  the  speed  of  maneuvering  packets  of  information. There  is  no  longer  a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"front†Ã‚  in war;  rather  it  is  all  about  little  battles  between  counter ­invasionà ‚  and  invasion. While  previously  a command  center  would  be  untargetable  unless  you  bypass  the  enemy  armies,  now  each  Ã¢â‚¬Å"battle†Ã‚  online is  consisted  of  its  own  security  system. What  we  are  seeing  are  threats  against  critical  infrastructure,† said  Cyber  security  expert  Jessica  Herrera ­Flanigan  of  the  Monument  Policy  Group  . â€Å"So,  we  are talking  about  threats  against  our  energy  sector,  the  banking  sector,  telecommunications,  smart  grids, oil  and  gas  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  basically,  all  the  critical  assets  that  we  have  that  operate  our  day ­to ­day  living  are  being impacted. † Like  traditional  war,  cyber ­war  has  two  basic  types  of  attacks:  disruption  and  espionage. 1 ttps://www. cia. gov/library/center ­for ­ the ­study ­of ­intelligence/csi ­publications/csi ­studies/studies/vol48no4/ new_face_of_war. html 2 http://www. dhs. gov/cybersecurity ­overview 3 Disruption  attacks  can  be  compared  to  traditional  battles  between  two  armies. Attacks  of  this  type  is designed  to  halt  a  specific  site  or  server. Espionage  attacks  are  generally  attacks  for  classified information. Common  attacks  include  denial  of  service  attack,  viruses,  worms  and  trojans. Countries such  as  China  and  India  are  rapidly  outpacing  the  United  States  in  the  field  of  information  technology. Should  the  United  States  not  be  able  to  keep  up  with  China  and  India  in  information  technology,  these countries  will  be  able  to  steal  information  on  the  United  States  infrastructure  and  military  secrets. What  is  Computer  Security Cybersecurity  is  used  to  describe  a  set  of  hardware,  software  and  coding  designed  to  protect  a nation/company’s  networks,  computers,  programs  and  data  from  any  type  of  unauthorized  access. There  are  different  types  of  of  cyber  security:  Application  security  is  specific  to  different  applications (programs)  and  deals  with  the  measures  that  the  program  takes  while  it  is  running  to  prevent  errors and  handle  exceptions  when  there  is  a  flaw  (an  example  of  this  can  be  the  Windows  Blue  Screen  of Death). Information  security  is  when  a  company/nation  tries  to  defend  information  or  trade/military secrets  Ã‚  from  unauthorized  access  (an  example  of  this  is  when  Gmail  is  encrypting  its  passwords). Disaster  recovery  is  the  process  in  which  a  program  tries  to  recover  data  aft How to cite Cyber Security, Papers

Marketing Consumer Behavior Purchasing Pattern

Question: Describe about the Marketing Consumer Behavior for Purchasing Pattern. Answer: Introduction Consumer behavior is the analysis of the people or the organization regarding their purchasing pattern. The idea for purchase is directly related with the sociology and psychological satisfaction with the consumer. It focuses on understanding decision-making behavior of a consumer under variable circumstances. It gives a special preference to the characteristics of an individual while making buying decisions (Close, 2012). The individual buying pattern is judged on different parameters. There are various attributes which are necessary to be considered while taking any buying decision. Every commodity has a different utility level. Consumer behavior studies the individual inclination towards various needs (Kardes, Cronley Cline, 2014) The recent time has witnessed a rise in the online buying pattern. Customers are more likely focused on buying the goods online. The report is based on the study of the online behavior pattern of Mr. Liam. Further it reflects the individual buying pattern and help in judging his purchasing pattern. 1. Research Tools Research methodology tools are used to make an inference regarding the needs which are attached with the buying pattern of G.I Joe which is majorly done through the online purchases. The various research tools to study the market behavior is the Theory of Reasoned Action, Engel, Kollet, Blackwell (EKB) Model, Motivation-Need Theory, and Hawkins Stern Impulse Buying model. These tools help in deciding the individual buying pattern while considering the variable factors. The various tools are used to judge the buying patterns which are seen in the consumers (Four Consumer Behavior Theories Every Marketer Should Know, 2016). G.I Joe is a toy company owned by Hasbro which is famous among kids for offering the action figure. It represents American value of bravery, valor and ethical standards. The toys and the movie series is famous not among the children but also among the adults. Needs The toy purchasing behavior is highly influenced by the kids. The changing behavior outline depends upon various consumer patterns like economic, social, cultural differences. The different behavior of the consumer depends upon the economy of the country. The various attributes affects the changing consumer behavior at the present scenario. It depends upon the product and the utility attached with it. Every product has a different level of satisfaction. Some products are essential for the basic necessity. The product like and dislike is attached with the individual behavior towards the product. Variants of consumption activities Cultural factor Culture plays an essential role while deciding the behavior of an individual. A person is influenced by the end number of factors throughout his life. There is a constant interaction with the society which affects the individual needs and desire for a product. For any brand it is necessary to take into record the various cultural factors which may influence the desire for buying the brand. Here the customer Liam has a hobby to collect vintage toys which are affected by the cultural needs and desires which are attached to the product. As a child he was fascinated by the comic characters which added to his desire for collecting the toys (Kotler, 2010). Social needs Social group are large number of people whose behavior is attached with each other. It is in the form of social hierarchy. There is a similar pattern of buying seen in the large groups which affects their buying patterns. Beyond a common thread there are varieties of people who do not buy things which there counter-part is doing. In the case of Liam, the toys are not a part of the social need but the childhood influence pattern has affected the pattern for purchase. He has a desire to buy toys which is due to the outside needs. His need for collecting the toys is affected by the number of factors like mental satisfaction rather than social needs. Every individual buying patterns are different and depends largely on the individual choice (Turban et al, 2015) Personal factors There is a need of a product due to individual desire. Every consumer exhibits a different buying pattern. Two people at a different age show a different buying style. Factors like individual lifestyle, hobbies, and habits affect the consumer behavior. Personal individual needs do affect the buying trends in an individual. In case of Liam he has a desire for the product which added variance in his behavior. His hobby has made him buy the toys for collecting vintage toys (Dlabay Scott, 2010). Psychological needs Maslow hierarchy needs give special importance to the psychological needs. A major part of buying nature depends upon the buying nature of an individual. A person only buys the good if it gives him a mental satisfaction. Liam behavioral pattern are highly influenced by the mental satisfaction. His online buying pattern is influenced by the desire to collect the toys. The buying patterns of the customer are influenced due to desire for the toys (Torelli, 2013). The individual buying patterns are affected by the different behavioral patterns. The individual buying pattern of Liam reflects his online buying patterns of a consumer which vary from individual to individual. Liam has a hobby for online purchase which is shown. 2. Fishbein model The Fishbein model is a model that helps to study the behavior of the consumer. This model is also known as the theory of planned behavior or the theory of reasoned action. Fishbein model helps to explain the attractiveness and choice of the product and service by the consumer. In this model, the entire attribute related to the object is considered. This model also assist to understand the decision making process used by the consumers. It is one of the effective models to study the consumers behavior and suggest many ways to influence the same (Williams, 2014). Description of variable of Fishbein Ajzen model: There are three basic variables in Fishbein model: The attitude of customer towards a particular product or service (Ao) The beliefs that the prescribed product or service has certain attributes. These attributes are the result of prior knowledge, advertisement, etc. (Bi). The subjective evaluation of all the attributes used in the study and the entire positive outcome are also considered. The benefit that has been acquired due to this product is also considered (Ei). The formula of calculation of Fishbein model of consumer behavior is: Ao=i=1nBiEi The attitude of the consumer helps to know about the particular behavior of them for nay product or service, people, company, brand, or to other things. Such behavioral intentions help to proceed to actions (Shoham Gavish, 2016). 3. Field trip (online shopping) Market research tools Now days, market research tools has become very relevant in for the success of brands and products. It initiates from planning for customers service needs to the final production. As we know, that the situations of the market is not constant. G.I. Joe, first have to study the needs of their customers and then they have to planning in accordance with the needs and demands of the customers. Market research is the best way to know what the customers want. The managers of GI Joe were asked about the tools of market research. Heres the tool suggested by them(See the appendix) Ask to your target market It is way in which the surveys are created by the company and sent out to millions of customers through email. In this present study, the researchers asked only one customer Liam, who loves to buy toys of GI Joe. This technique helps to save time and money as it is the most effective and efficient technique used by the companies (Outreville Desrochers, 2016). One-on-one conversations- One-on-one conversations take place when two parties talk to each other directly using, phone calls, video conferencing or face to face conversation. It is the most effective way to collect data as it helps to understand the potential of the customers. It also help o dig in to the mind of him. Customer case study Customer case study refers to the study of pattern of purchasing the product by the customers. It gives you in-depth knowledge about the customers and his/her purchasing habits. Under this study, the marketer research on the Liams purchasing pattern. Social media Social media is one of the strongest tools used by many companies as well as GI Joe for the market research of its products. In this approach, direct messages and information is sending to the influencers. Advertisements are posted on very social networking site that showcase the products. Afterwards, an analysis is done on the results from the research (Mandel, Rucker, Levav, Galinsky, 2016). Online Consumer Pattern In todays fast moving world, there is a shortage of time in everyones life. There are various factors due to which Liam prefers to buy products online. It is very important to understand the psyche of the online buying customers. Companies have to understand what the customers actually want. They have to plug into the thinking of customers and find ways to attract the customers. It can be done through competitive smartness, pricing of precuts, customer service, etc. Online shopping gives them a freedom to shop in pajamas. They can also buys products in better prices and of better quality (Murphy Dweck, 2016). Reasons due to which Liam purchased GI Joe toys online are Convenience It is convenient for Liam to purchase online as he is a 26 year old man who has lots of responsibilities on him. Online purchasing helps him to save his time. Better prices As we know that there are many types of discounts and other benefits are available in online purchasing. Due to this reason, many customers prefer to do online shopping (Reny, 2015). Variety Online purchasing allows Liam to first observe all the variety of toys available in GI Joe and then make a purchase accordingly. Online purchase has the caliber to showcase variety of products. Fewer expenses As we know that online purchase does not charge much. We just have to pay only for home deliver or shipping. Even the price for home delivery and shipping is very reasonable that anyone can afford (Dahl, 2013). Comparison in prices of other products In online purchase, you can compare the quality, price, quantity, discounts and other benefits. It gives you privilege to purchase the best bit out of all. Avoidable crowds Many people do not like to face the uneven crowd of market place. In this situation, online purchase is one of the best ways to get rid of such situations. Compulsive shopping In online shopping, the buyer only buys the relevant products. 4. A summary from tutorial 5 6 Consumer behavior is a vital term for every company as the growth and success of any company depends on its customers. GI Joe is a toy making company which manufactures toys and sold them through retail stores and online also (Paul Rana, 2012). From the above study, we learnt many things about the behavior of customers. This study tells that how one customer is affected by the attributes of consumer behavior. There are various attributes that includes the behavior of the consumer like cultural, social, psychological and personal. These all attributes affect the decision making of the consumer. Liam is one customer of GI Joe products who are very much influenced by these factors. He has some connections with the toys produced by GI Joe. We also learnt about the various models that help to study the behavior of customer. We deeply studied, Fishbein model that assist us the ways to calculate the pattern of customers purchasing (Briesch Rajagopal, 2010). In this study, we study that how online purchasing helped Liam to buy toys from GI Joe. Many factors are discussed about the online shopping like price, delivery, convenience, variety, quality, etc. (Pham, 2013). These all elements help to generate ideas and information about the customer behavior. GI Joe should understand the behavior of their customers. This survey will help them to understand I noticed that the decision making process and buying behavior is a subjective view. In my view, Liam is not a typical customer. Instead o this, he is very creative and unconventional who have very fascinating imaginations. He is not an ordinary buyer. In this way, we can understand that different customers have different views (Pham, 2013). The company has many competitors too like Funskool that is a very famous brand. But somehow GI Joe has competitive advantage as they have unique products and the customers are also personally attached to the products of GI Joe. This company can provide satisfaction to their customers. For example Liam, who is a very reliable customer of GI Joe? The brand not only makes toys but also portrayed thrill and action into the lives of their customers. The concept of brand used under this company is armed and forces that shows the power of the brand and toys. Every customer of this company can relate sweet memories through its products (Griskevicius Kenrick, 2013). Recommendation Recent change in the economy has seen a change in the buying pattern of the customers. A rise in the living standard has allowed people to spend money on the goods apart from the necessity goods. Large part of New Zealand buying behavior is done through online purchases. Online trends shows customers inclination towards buying the goods from the online shop which they find is convenient and easy. A large section of the economy is dependent upon the online shops. The world is seeing a transition, the general consumer behavior patterns. While buying a toy online it is generally seen that the customer decisions are influenced by the price. While studying the individual consumer pattern it can be seen that even at 26 he has a hobby to collect toys which reflects that consumer buying patterns depends upon his satisfaction level. Increase in an online buying pattern has affected the consumer decisions. There are end numbers of websites where the similar goods are available at a different price. In this case the customer has made the maximum number of purchase through the online website. The time taken for delivery of goods is more than the general shopping. The G.I Joe toys are imported from the USA which may affect the consumer intentions. While online shopping there are issues related to buying authentic goods and at the same time it is generally seen the goods which are sold are sometimes not delivered in time. Most necessarily the consumer individual wants the good to be delivered in a fine condition for which they have paid. The goods which are sold online reach customer in an ordinary pattern. The seller must focus on creating a fascinating packing which attracts the customers. They should strive hard on the online packaging as most of the customers are kids. Retention of customers is necessary to achieve the goals. G.I Joe is a renowned toy brand which is selling their toys and video-games through online sale. Consumer behavior varies from individual to individual. The study of the behavior of Liam shows that the individual tastes and preferences vary depending upon the satisfaction the product is giving to its buyers. By studying the behavior pattern of Liam it is concluded that the individual buyer have different. Price and time are the two different aspects which affects the individual consumers pattern. The major consumer behavior of him is his childhood memories. The buying pattern of individuals depends upon their needs. Every individual shows variety of trends while making a purchase (Consumer behavior in heavily influenced by large social networks that allow consumers to have crowd clout, 2016). The market behavior is subject to flux. It is largely seen that every customer has different preferences while comparing it with other factors. Liam behavior exhibits a psychological need. Maslow hierarchy model focuses on the satisfaction of the need which is necessary for an individual to succeed. Study of Liams individual behavior focuses on the study of individual level of satisfaction which differentiates from person to person under different circumstances (Yojoe.com. 2016). Instruction for the company Though the company has a good position in the toys industry but still there are many improvements that need to be done to achieve a remarkable position. There are various ways by which the GI Joe can attain the position of one of the best company in the toys industry. There are many competitors I the market from which this company have to fight every day. The company can attain a competitive advantage through analyzing the consumer behavior. This will help them to understand the needs and wants of the consumer and manufacture the products in accordance with the same. The toys industry also has to face the fear of substitutes as there are many elements by which one can entertain itself. This fear of elimination can be cover u through expansion of business into other Ares like online app of games, game zones in malls, advertisement, promotions, free vouchers, etc. in this way GI Joe will become what they dreamt for. Conclusion The report shows the online buying pattern of Mr. Liam. He has a hobby to collect the vintage G.I Joe toys. It basically shows the buying pattern of an individual under different circumstance. A consumer behavior is influence by variety of factors which vary from person to person. The study of consumer behavior through Fishbein model has helped in understanding the buying pattern of Liam which is necessary to be taken care while making any significant inferences. The report has discussed major attributes which played an essential role while deciding the buying pattern. The various consumer behavior patterns are essential to study the general consumer behavior. The study further discusses the recommendation made to the seller for increasing the online buying patterns. 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